Software & Systems

Articles of journal № 1 at 2023 year.

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1. Automated solution of the problem of detecting industrial objects on a orthomosaic using a neural network [№1 за 2023 год]
Authors: Nazarov T.R. , Mamedova N.A.
Visitors: 2304
The task of object detection is common for any image type; only the detection quality indicators and the process technological support of differ. The basis for this study was the materials of aerial photography of industrial facilities. Office processing of aerial photography images by overlapping the original photographs to obtain orthophotomaps of the captured area is a complex and costly process, its automation is fragmen-tary. This article contains a solution for automating the stage of constructing the industrial object contours as a part of the process of their detection on an orthophotomap. As an approach that provided automation, the authors used modeling of a trained convolutional neural network with a one-stage pass through the SSD al-gorithm and based on the backpropagation method. The result was the development of a software package capable of identifying and classifying several objects on an orthomosaic. For optimal work with the software package, there are described types and methods of storing generated data, as well as the implementation of the process of a transition from an image coordinate system to a spa-tial coordinate system using orthomosaic mapping files. The practical significance of the results is in the fact that all steps in the development of the software package are described: there is the given rationale for choosing technologies and algorithms, there are identi-fied and formulated requirements for the software package; there is a described process of training a neural network and the project structure. This allows not only reproducing the proposed solution of the automation problem, but also scaling it considering the input parameters for detecting industrial objects on orthomosaics.

2. Vectorization of the three-dimensional immersed boundary method for improving the efficiency of calculations on Intel microprocessors [№1 за 2023 год]
Authors: Rybakov, A.A., Meshcheryakov A.O.
Visitors: 1496
The work is devoted to increasing the efficiency of modern computational applications on high-performance computing systems. The authors consider program code vectorization as a tool for increasing efficiency. Vectorization helps combining scalar operations of the same type into vector analogs, significantly increas-ing performance. Modern Intel microprocessors were chosen as the target platform, for which a unique set of vector instructions AVX-512 is supported. The paper considers an approach to vectorization of a gas dynamic solver using the immersed boundary method and the Steger-Warming upwind scheme in 3D case. This solver has a complex programming con-text that cannot be vectorized automatically. The paper considers the implementation of the solver, as well as approaches to organizing the code and bringing it to a form suitable for automatic vectorization by the icc compiler. To ensure automatic application of vectorization to the solver code, three basic equivalent transfor-mations were applied. First, the calculations, which are the same for all iterations including matrix opera-tions, were localized and brought to the stage of preparing calculations. Second, the main functions of the solver were organized as flat loops, and the data structures were presented as sets of arrays. Third, splitting by condition optimization was applied to loop nests, which can be used to reduce the degree of control branching inside the loop body. These transformations allow the compiler to automatically apply code vec-torization. As a result of the work performed, the solver was accelerated by a factor of 3 due to vectorization when performing calculations on double-precision real numbers.

3. A simulation model of distributed object radar tracking [№1 за 2023 год]
Authors: D.V. Khrestinin, Pozdnyakov A.A.
Visitors: 1663
The subject of research is radar tracking of distributed objects like groups of small drones. The peculiarity of these objects is in their complex composition and an unusual for most classic aircrafts movement character. The research method is simulation modeling. It allows evaluating the effectiveness of radar tracking algorithms and classification in selected terms. The article presents the process organization of simulation modeling of integrated radar system functioning in the de-tection, measurement, tracking and classification modes. It also presents the description of analytical models and their inter-action, as well as simulation results, which are received using traditional experiment processing methods. The methods take into account a required number of tests to provide probability values in confidence interval no more than 0,01 of the ob-tained value with a confidence probability no more than 0.8. The authors evaluated performance of the most popular tracking and classification algorithms. Tracking algorithms include α-β-γ algorithm, Kalman filter, Unscented Kalman filter, partial filter. Classification algorithms include optimal Bayes algorithm, parting algorithm, Viterbi algorithm, Savrasov algorithm. The model, unlike the known ones, takes into account the influence of all reflections and re-reflections of the probing signal from the sophisticated object elements. According to the simulation results, the authors make a conclusion that among the tracking algorithms, the most effi-cient are algorithms based on the partial filter and Unscented Kalman filter; among the classification algorithms, the most ef-ficient is Savrasov algorithm. However, based on the requirements for a radar performance, none of the considered algo-rithms provides the required quality under the described conditions. This indicates the need to improve the scientific and methodological apparatus of radar trajectory processing.

4. Integrating the subject area subspace into the “mathematics” semantic space [№1 за 2023 год]
Authors: Ataeva O.M., Serebryakov V.A., Tuchkova N.P.
Visitors: 2810
The paper studies the problem of developing a semantic library by adding a new applied scientific area. The authors use the example of a journal on applied issues of composite materials in order to build an addition to the main content of the library, to expand the description of the original subject area, and to detail UDC and MSC articles corresponding to the local subject area. At the same time, they solve the tasks of adding terms to the thesaurus, building a reference corpus of the applied subject area of mathematics, and creating a custom interface. Formulas and equations of the local subject area are semantically linked to the main content of the library. The main advantage of using semantic libraries for this kind of tasks is to enrich the existing knowledge base of the library and identify relationships in data. To study these problems, it is necessary to interact with subject matter experts and use modern tools and methods for natural language processing, machine learning approaches to knowledge representation. The above tasks are implemented by means of the LibMeta se-mantic library, which allows considering such concepts as the thematic area/subdomain and their hierar-chical relationships, in particular, the automatic inclusion of the enclosing area concepts in the subdomain knowledge system; the possibility of personalizing the built structures and using LibMeta as a construction tool, in particular, building the ontology itself. Data integration within the library allows expanding the de-scription of subject areas related to the applications of mathematics in interdisciplinary research and tech-nology. As an example of one of the applied sections of mathematical physics problems, the procedure for including specific dictionaries, thesauri, as well as an array of publications of a specialized journal in a se-mantic library is shown. The proposed approach will allow using the content of the “mathematics” semantic library for scientific research and minimizing the process of searching for information in the local subject ar-ea, without losing more general results contained outside this area.

5. An intelligent system for monitoring and analyzing competencies in the learning process [№1 за 2023 год]
Authors: Kulikov G., Antonov V.V. , L. Rodionova , Fakhrullina A. , Kromina L. , E.V. Palchevsky, Breikin T.
Visitors: 2345
The article proposes an intelligent system (a software-analytical complex) based on an artificial neural net-work for managing the educational process based on data received from corporate business units. Modelling business process improvement involves using the Deming cycle. The paper presents a structure (model) of a software-analytical complex that makes it possible to identi-fy and trace explicitly interconnected vertical and horizontal processes, which gives a formalized description of the system that meets the algorithm requirements. There is an ontological model of the program analytics complex structure built; it is linked to a set of solutions using databases and knowledge bases; it is divided in-to classes of objects and categories with hierarchical relationships between them. In order to share this knowledge, a specific description of this data must be provided to the SAC. This description must be formal enough to be understood by another system and written in the same language. The novelty is in the consideration of a variant of solving the problem of integrating information systems associated with weakly structured subject-oriented information flows of an educational institution using the methods of set theory and category theory. The properties of relations between accounting objects are de-scribed at a high abstraction level; it becomes possible to significantly expand the scope of the proposed method for constructing a software-analytical complex based on an ontological model for various subject areas, taking into account the multi-level consideration of the subject area itself, the same consideration of finite and infinite ranges of values. At the same time, the necessary abstraction level is automatically deter-mined to ensure the structural and parametric integrity of the system being formed and the interpretation of the emerging problems of data analysis represented by semantic models.

6. An IT system for assessing the impact of energy objects on environment [№1 за 2023 год]
Authors: Kuzmin V.R. , L.V. Massel
Visitors: 1965
The subject of the article is the author's information and computer system called WICS for assessing the im-pact of energy facilities on the environment. The paper substantiates the necessity of both performing such assessments and developing an appropriate system. When building an information and computer system, the authors used the following methods: methods for building client-server Web applications to optimize the requirements for users' computers and to organize teamwork; methods for constructing multi-agent systems for optimizing calculations. In order to implement the database, the authors applied ontological engineering of subject areas that are energy and ecology. The article shows the architecture of the developed system, describes the developed information subsystems based on approved normative methods for performing calculations. Empirical Bayesian kriging is used to in-terpolate the results of the analysis of snow tests for pollutants. There are the results of approbating the de-veloped system on the example of data on the Central Ecological Zone of the Baikal Natural Territory. The proposed system can be used both for assessing the current situation with environmental pollution by energy objects, and when planning measures to reduce their harmful effects or installation of new gener-ating capacities.

7. Cognitive regulators: soft computing technologies and the information-thermodynamic law of intelligent control self-organization [№1 за 2023 год]
Authors: Shevchenko A.A., Shevchenko A.V., Zrelova D.P., Ulyanov, S.V.
Visitors: 2344
The paper considers a methodology for designing intelligent cognitive control systems for complex dynamic systems. There are brief descriptions of informational and thermodynamic approaches that unite dynamic stability, controllability and robustness criteria under a homogeneous condition. The authors indicate the problems of training and adaptation of a fuzzy controller, which are relevant in modern control theory. Many existing solutions use artificial neural network models based on the backprop-agation algorithm (BP), the Cohen multilayer structure, etc. Unfortunately, such algorithms do not guarantee the required level of reliability and control accuracy in complex unforeseen situations. These schemes work successfully if the control task is performed in the absence of underdetermined stochastic noise in the envi-ronment, in sensors, in the control loop, etc. The paper proposes one of the solutions to the problem of developing a cognitive control system, which proposes a constructive solution to the problems of designing knowledge bases and intelligent robust cogni-tive control in a given problem-oriented application. There is a comparison of various types of regulators, in-cluding an intelligent regulator based on emotional brain training. The paper describes the advantages of de-signing robust knowledge bases based on the software-algorithmic complex Soft Computing Optimizer based on fuzzy logic. The paper also considers one of the key tasks of modern robotics that is the development of technologies for cognitive mechanical interaction, which makes it possible to implement intelligent control functions through the redistribution of knowledge and control at the program level. A practical example shows the ef-fectiveness of the proposed hybrid cognitive control system, which increases the accuracy and reliability of recognizing mental commands.

8. Integrated development of software and hardware components of the frequency converter filter for operating in power-limited ship networks [№1 за 2023 год]
Authors: Chernyi, S.G., Sobolev A.S.
Visitors: 1816
Complex energy systems use a large number of different consumers with a non-linear load. Most of them are complex technical and expensive devices. Due to the non-linearity of the load of these consumers, elec-tromagnetic interference occurs in the network, which negatively affects the correct operation of such equipment. Due to the impact of electromagnetic interference on the operation of complex technical equip-ment operating in large power systems, a decrease in the quality of signals and power, as well as a noticeable decrease in the service life of devices affected by interference, can occur. In frequency converters, due to electromagnetic interference in low-current control signals of power elements, there is a possibility of a short circuit, which will lead to a complete failure of the device. To reduce the effect of electromagnetic interfer-ence on devices, passive or active filtering is often used. This article discusses the development and design of an experimental sample of an active filter to use in low-current circuits of frequency converters, as well as the development of an algorithm for the operation of an active filter control system. The research method is to review existing solutions in order to understand how the algorithms are implemented on other devices. The control system, the algorithm was developed for, is implemented on the debugging platform STM32F411E-DISCO. Such solution will make it possible to meet all the emerging needs that arise during the implementation of the active filter device. The creation of the operation algorithm for this filter was carried out in the MATLAB software package. Due to this solution, it becomes possible to create an operation algorithm without additional difficulties asso-ciated with the further translation of the algorithm into C++ code loaded into the microcontroller.

9. Modeling the intelligent agent behavior based on machine learning methods in competition models [№1 за 2023 год]
Authors: A.O. Anokhin , D.S. Parygin , Sadovnikova, N.P. , Finogeev A.A., Gurtyakov A.S.
Visitors: 2436
The article discusses the aspects of applying machine learning methods to existing methods for modeling the behavior of intelligent agents to enable agents to improve their performance in competition models. The practical significance of the study is represented by developing an approach to modeling the behav-ior of intelligent agents in order to increase the efficiency of their functioning in such areas as computer games, developing unmanned aerial vehicles and search robots, studying urban and transport mobility, as well as other complex systems. There is a review of the existing machine learning methods (reinforcement learning, deep learning, Q-learning) and methods for modeling the agents’ behavior (a rule-based model, a finite automaton model of behavior, behavior trees). The authors have chosen the most appropriate combination of a learning method and a behavior model for the task: behavior trees and reinforcement learning. A test platform was implemented using Unity tools, behavior models were developed for the four main archetypes of agents that must compete in collecting resources in a limited time. A trained agent was imple-mented using Unity ML and TensorFlow tools. The test platform has become a basis for a series of experiments under various conditions: limited re-sources, resource abundance, average amount of resources. As part of the experiment, the authors tested the ability of the developed intelligent agent’s behavior model to win in a competitive environment with agents equipped with various variants of traditional behavior models based on behavior trees. The efficiency and advantages of using the developed behavior model were evaluated. The paper analyzes the experimental re-sults and draws conclusions regarding the potential of the selected combination of methods.

10. A control panel generation module for web projects [№1 за 2023 год]
Authors: Zhukov S.V. , Suslin A.A. , Kovaleva O.A.
Visitors: 1180
The article considers the problems of creating a control panel for web projects. It describes the implementa-tion of a program module written in the php programming language, which allows creating an admin panel for web resources. The module does not require skills in HTML template layout due to the Gentelella Admin template preinstalled in the module (developed and maintained by Colorlib and AigarsSilkalns). The de-scribed module can be used both in projects built on the basis of the popular MVC model and in resources written on the basis of the PHP framework. The control panel includes many standard controls (input fields, switches, tables, lists, etc.), and can also support custom components that add new controls. The purpose of the work is to optimize the process of developing web projects using the developed mod-ule. The subject of the research are ways to implement the administrative panel of a web application. The presented module allows generating html, css and js code for visualizing the control panel. The user interface is set in the form of php code. The objects created in it are interface elements that grouped into forms and panels that a developer needs. Using the module allows reducing the development time spent on the forming the control panel, and also allows creating applications without skills in layout and organization of the client side of the user interface. The theoretical significance of the work is in the analysis of typical elements of the admin panel, the de-scription of the principles of operation of the created module for generating the admin panel. The practical significance is to reduce the development time of web projects using the control panel generation module.

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