Software & Systems

Articles of journal № 2 at 2020 year.

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1. Trapper: an operating system bootstrapping package for IBM PC compatible computer systems [№2 за 2020 год]
Author: Y.I. Klimiankou
Visitors: 3499
The paper presents an overview of the bootstrapping process on the IBM PC-compatible computer systems and proposes an architecture of the operating system bootstrapping package. The proposed package implements a framework for constructing boot images targeted at non-traditional operating systems like microkernel, an exokernel, unikernel, and multikernel. The bootstrapping package con-sists of three sets of independent boot modules and a Boot Image Builder application, which creates OS boot images. This application integrates and chains boot modules with one another to organize a com-plete bootloader chain. They are necessary to bring the operating system to a working state. The boot-strapping package architecture reflects the principal stages of the computer system boot process. Each set of boot modules is connected to the particular boot stage and forms a layer that is responsible for performing its own clearly defined set of functions and relies on clearly defined inter-layer interfaces to strictly isolate dependencies on the boot device, firmware and the specifics of the bootloaded oper-ating system. The paper presents the implementation of the described architecture for boot image generation de-signed and implemented for a research multikernel operating system and explains how it boots up. Additionally, the paper proposes the full separation idea of initialization code out of the operating system kernel and its movement into the independent OS loader module. Following this idea leads to the exclusion of the “dead” initialization-related program code from the OS kernel. In the commodity operating systems, such code runs only once during system boot, however, being the part of the kernel executable binary image, continues to occupy memory until the system shuts down.

2. Integration methods analysis for the development of information-analytical systems on inorganic substances properties [№2 за 2020 год]
Authors: V.A. Dudarev , I.O. Temkin, Kornyushko V.F.
Visitors: 5258
The paper considers the system analysis application to formalize information processes that occur in integrated information systems (IS) and develop a system of recommendations for choosing one of the integration methods for solving practical IS consolidation problems. The analysis starts with the identification of the basic information processes occurring in local IS and continues with the studying of their transformation in integrated systems built using three consoli-dation methods: Enterprise Application Integration (EAI), Enterprise Information Integration (EII) and software for extracting, converting, and loading data (Extract, Transform, Load – ETL), based on data warehouse technology. The authors synthesized a generalized scheme of integration methods for heterogeneous infor-mation systems, and based on it, compared the methods using ten criteria. Based on the comparison re-sults, the authors offered recommendations for choosing the preferred method of heterogeneous infor-mation systems integration. There is a possibility to use ETL and EII methods together to achieve the optimal performance of the integrated data source. Since none of the methods covers all the needs arising from the consolidation of information systems, there is a methodology for their joint use for the closest integration of information systems. Briefly, the paper reviews the practical application results of the developed integration methodolo-gy for the IS consolidation in the inorganic materials science field, both domestic and foreign: there is a created web-service set, which is the main technical means that provides interaction of distributed cross-platform information systems on the properties of inorganic substances for data consolidation, and the user interface of a single entry point www.imet-db.ru, allows any user to search and view in-formation on the properties of substances contained in integrated information systems.

3. Architecture and functioning modes of a decision support system for dispatch and organizational management of gas supply facilities [№2 за 2020 год]
Author: R.R. Kantyukov
Visitors: 4292
The paper describes the developed decision support system for dispatch and organizational manage-ment of gas supply facilities, its architecture, operating modes and software. The system has been created on a universal software platform 1C:8 with an open architecture. The decision support system architecture includes eight software modules, a center dispatcher’s work-station with a subsystem for visualizing gas supply and gas distribution processes. The purpose of the decision support system is to provide control over a technological process of gas transportation; to control valves to disable repair or emergency sections of the regional gas supply sys-tem, to prevent or localize possible accidents. All data collected by the system at the facilities of the regional gas supply system (crane platforms, gas distribution stations, head gas distribution points, cupboard distribution points) are transferred to the Dispatch center for an automated workstation and displayed on a mnemonic diagram in a convenient form. Further, this information is transmitted to the Central dispatch, where the entire distribution gas pipeline system is already displayed on the main mnemonic diagram. The decision support system has tools for interaction with other functional and organizational au-tomated systems, such as an automated system of accounting and tax records, an automated system for monitoring and ensuring the safety of facilities of the regional gas supply system including an automat-ed system for commercial metering of gas consumption and control of gas leakage control devices in domestic production facilities, an automated system for managing energy and resource efficiency and controlling energy and resource efficiency, an automated personnel management system based on in-creasing staff motivation for the development of informatization and the widespread use of information and computer technologies. The developed decision support system of dispatch and organizational management of gas supply facilities is designed to make multi-attribute and multi-criteria decisions in the problems of monitoring and managing gas distribution between consumers in regional gas supply systems.

4. Architecture of predictive maintenance system of complex multi-object systems in Industry 4.0 concept [№2 за 2020 год]
Authors: Sai Van Cuong , M.V. Shcherbakov
Visitors: 5223
Properly formed strategy of maintenance of equipment plays a critical role in modern economic condi-tions characterized by crisis phenomena and high levels of competition. Recently, as part of the implementation of the concept of Industry 4.0 in the field of maintenance of complex multi-object systems, the most promising approaches are based on the use of advanced meth-ods for analyzing large data based on innovative artificial intelligence technologies. It is mainly about the concept of predictive maintenance (PdM), namely the creation of predictive models to prevent equipment failures. This maintenance strategy allows to move from time-based maintenance to condi-tion based maintenance, taking into account the prediction of changes in system states in order to achieve their maximum performance at minimal cost. Therefore, this paper discusses the key elements for implementing the PdM strategy. As a result, an architecture for predictive maintenance of complex multi-object systems in the con-cept of Industry 4.0 is proposed. The proposed system includes three modules: an offline-analysis module for accumulated data, an online-analysis module for streaming data, and a decision support module. The main functions of the first two modules are early detection and prediction of equipment failure based on machine learning methods. Based on the information received from the online analysis module, the decision support module generates optimal decisions when choosing a strategy for influ-encing the equipment, if necessary. Such solutions maintain an optimal balance between the cost of performing technological impacts and the magnitude of potential damages and risks from equipment failure.

5. Response contextual ranking on relative metrics in dialogue assistance systems for users [№2 за 2020 год]
Author: N.R. Gafurov
Visitors: 3617
The subject of this paper is dialogue systems for assisting users of web applications or onboarding sys-tems. The paper contains dialog systems in general, the probable reasons for their current updating, the conditions for their feasibility, their types, and justifies the choice of the type for the described system. We have studied the help systems that make it necessary to answer users' questions based on the currently viewed section or a web application page, in addition to taking into account the semantic rel-evance of the response to the query. At the same time there remains the need to give universal answers without taking into account addi-tional conditions that apply to all pages of a web application to reduce the amount of data storage used and speed up the processing of incoming requests. The paper describes the status quo in the ranking algorithm field, the system conditions of assisting users for applying ranking algorithms and describes the developed algorithm for response contextual ranking by relative metrics in dialogue systems for assisting users provides the algorithm application example. The paper’s purpose is to describe the algorithm for ranking responses to user requests in accord-ance with the request context in dialogue systems based on answer lists. This algorithm is for use in dialogue systems based on lists in which the user's request relevance and responses from the list are based not only on the request semantic proximity and response but also on the condition relevance for applying the response from the list and the conditions in which the user is at the time of the request. Such systems in addition to user assistance systems, include systems oper-ating on the “messaging-as-an-interface” principle. The paper also gives promising areas for further re-search.

6. User authentication based on the keystroke dynamics in the process of using industrial control systems [№2 за 2020 год]
Authors: Tumbinskaya, M.V., N.F. Asadullin , R.R. Murtazin
Visitors: 3883
There are modern industrial control systems ubiquitously. The complex architecture of such systems, the requirements of process continuity and access to the Internet make them easily vulnerable to cy-bercriminals and cyber-attacks. Currently, there is no full protection for the components of industrial automated control systems, so there is a need for adequate protection and increasing the information security level. As the domain knowledge analysis shows, 82 % of industrial enterprises cannot resist the internal intruder, who seeks to penetrate the technological network from the corporate network, after gaining access to the network technological segment, the attacker has wide opportunities for malicious influ-ence on the components of industrial control systems. In 2018, the number of new vulnerabilities in the industrial control system components increased by 30 % compared to 2017. A significant proportion of vulnerabilities in industrial control systems have an association with incorrect authentication or exces-sive user access rights. Moreover, more than half of the vulnerabilities can be exploited remotely. The paper presents an overview of information security vulnerabilities of industrial automated sys-tems. Based on the analysis of the subject area, the authors propose a three-level model for improving the accuracy of user authentication based on the keystroke dynamics, which will increase the security level of automated control systems. The authors conducted an experimental study, the results of which showed a high ability of the proposed model for access differentiation for legal users and hackers, tak-ing into account minor changes in the keystroke dynamic parameters, to increase the user authentica-tion accuracy. The user authentication authenticity in practice was 97.5 %.

7. Simulation of a collision of two atoms over a condensed phase surface [№2 за 2020 год]
Authors: L.V. Pletnev , S.A. Zheltov
Visitors: 4820
Evaporation of a substance from a condensed phase surface is of interest from both practical and theo-retical points of view. It is possible to describe the process of departure of atoms from the condensed phase surface at the microscopic level only using the molecular dynamics method, the Monte Carlo method, or the Boltzmann equation. This raises the problem distributing collisions of atoms over the condensed phase surface. Simulation of evaporation even from microscopic areas of the condensed phase in a short period of time is an unrealistic task for modern computer technology due to many calculations. The description of the interaction of two molecules in the gas phase is a significant problem. The article analyzes the problem of collision of two atoms over the condensed phase surface after departure from its bounded areas. Computer experiments involved using a model of rigid spheres. Monte Carlo simulation involves statistical processing of the results of a large number of experi-ments. Using sequential calculations on standard CPUs is inefficient in terms of program execution time. A sequential algorithm that implements simulation of collisions of 1 000 000 atoms requires about 10 hours of machine time. For greater reliability of the results, it is desirable that a minimum of 300 000 000 atoms collide in each experiment. The calculation algorithm has data parallelism and can be adapted for parallel calculations on graphics processors with the CUDA architecture, which makes it possible to significantly reduce the actual program execution time and increase the reliability of results by increasing the number of played pairs of atoms.

8. Modified algorithm for building an occupancy grid from multi-lidar point cloud [№2 за 2020 год]
Author: I.O. Shepel
Visitors: 4050
The paper considers building a possibility model problem for the environment using data from several sensors installed on a robotic platform. This is the key problem for solving the autonomous movement problem without using any a priori information. Several sensors usage due to the sensor physical limi-tations and to reduce blind spots around autonomous robotic platforms. The work aim is to improve occupancy grid building by adding the ability to process data from several independent sources. The paper presents an algorithm for constructing an occupancy grid for a technical vision system consisting of several spaced lidars. There is an approach to combining data from different sensors without requiring hardware data synchronization. This merge occurs at the algorithmic level and does not impose any restrictions on the number of sensors or on the physical nature of their data. It allows processing point clouds from sensors independently, thus reducing the computational complexity compared to processing a combined point cloud. In addition, there is a ray-tracing algorithm extension, which takes into account the placement of several leaders on a robotic platform and combines the view fields for these sensors, which allows them to get a more complete model of the cross-country environment. The described modified algo-rithm for building an adaptive safety buffer around obstacles on the occupancy grid makes it possible to plan a trajectory at an equal distance from objects in complex scenarios.

9. Setting up and training a multilayer perceptron for the problem of highlighting the road surface in the city space images [№2 за 2020 год]
Authors: V.S. Tormozov , K.A. Vasilenko , A.L. Zolkin
Visitors: 4398
The paper considers the neural network model application for a multi-layer perceptron to identifying road surface region problems on the urban environment satellite images. Government agencies and en-terprises involved in regulating transport flows currently need to solve this problem, as well as to up-date geographical data and maps of transport infrastructure. In existing works on this topic, there are automatic and semi-automatic methods. Approaches that involve a person’s partial involvement in their work are semi-automatic. The operator can set thresholds, setting parameters, mark regions for detection, and do many other operations. Automatic methods work without human involvement and therefore faster and cheaper than semi-automatic ones. The paper examines and explores a method that uses a multilayer neural network to automatically highlight the road surface on the Earth 's surface cosmic images. In its paper, the method is based on a limited sample of roadway previously noted examples. The model has a multilayer perceptron founda-tion. The input values for the method in question are satellite survey data in the RGB color model. This makes it possible to use more information channels individually. This also takes into account the pixel channel context: values of the image adjacent pixel color channels. The method in question is relevant, as the expansion of street road network and urban development are changing and should be reflected in the mapping data. The results of the method were with the lo-cation of the road surface of the city's road network.

10. About software for planning measures to reduce power losses from current asymmetry in 0,4 kV networks [№2 за 2020 год]
Authors: Balametov A.B., A.K. Salimova , N.I. Gadzhiev , A.B. Balametov
Visitors: 4046
The increase in the electric receiver power with non-linear and asymmetric load character affects the deterioration of the electric energy quality in power supply systems. As a result, electrical equipment designed to operate in the electrical system at a certain level of electrical energy characteristics is op-erated in inefficient modes. This leads to a decrease in the efficiency of both the power supply systems themselves and the consumers connected to them. As a result, there is growing interest in calculating power losses from current and voltage asymmetry in 0,4 kV electric networks and in the corresponding software for estimating power losses from current and voltage asymmetry in electric networks. To determine the electricity quality in 0,4 kV electric networks, measurements were with using the SIMEAS q device. The voltage in the phases is asymmetric and varies between 211–228 V, while at the end of the feeder, the voltage varies between 145 and 228 V. The change in active power on the head section of the feeder for a day is 2–7 kW, in the load phases varies within 15–50 % of the full load, the change in reactive power in the phases is within 0,8–1,6 kVAr. Consumers with non-linear and non-symmetrical load patterns that are far from the power center have less than normal voltage levels dur-ing 30 % of the day. The authors developed a program for calculating asymmetric modes and power losses for four-wire electrical networks of 0,38 kV modes with zero wire. There is a power loss calculation for asymmetric modes of a four-wire electric network with zero wire.

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