Software & Systems

Articles of journal № 1 at 2016 year.

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1. Modeling of the time-cycle control system for technological processes equipment in pharmaceutical solid dosage manufacturing based on Petri nets [№1 за 2016 год]
Authors: Окаи Д.Э.Я., Klyushin A.Yu., Bogatikov V.N.
Visitors: 7048
The key purpose of this research is to develop an approach to modeling batch manufacturing of a system of pharmaceutical solid dosage forms using a mathematical tool called Petri net. This possibility can be provided by a model that can be easily understood by a System Analyst and Technological engineers. This paper describes a system analysis and a model of manufacturing processes of pharmaceutical solid dosage forms with much emphasis on tablets. It also provides a brief classification of technological processes within the manufacturing system of solid-based dosage forms. The system analysis was done with much focus on manufacturing processes and equipment used at each stage of a manufacturing system. The paper briefly considers the development of a Petri net model for manufacturing processes of pharmaceutical solid dosage forms. A Petri net model was implemented and analyzed using the PIPE tool (Platform Independent Petri net Editor 4.3) for Windows The authors also developed and analyzed a timeline chart for the analysis of technological routes for manufacturing of three different solid dosage forms. The resulting Petri net model and the timeline chart helped to create a clearer picture of the technological processes in the manufacturing system. The Petri net model developed in this paper can be used to solve the problem of choosing an optimal manufacturing model or optimal technological routes. It can also be used to improve the efficiency of using a set of equipment in the manufacturing system of pharmaceutical solid dosage forms.

2. Review of studies on time series forecasting based on hybrid methods, neural networks and multiple regression [№1 за 2016 год]
Authors: Yarushev S.A., A.N. Averkin
Visitors: 7147
The article gives a detailed overview of the studies in time series forecasting. It also considers the history of forecasting methods development. The author gives a review of the latest valid forecasting methods, such as statistical, connectionist and hybrid, forecasting methods that are based on multiple regression, their basic parameters, application area and performance. The paper considers recent research in the field of hybrid forecasting methods application, gives a short overview of these methods and notes their efficiency according to the authors. The author emphasizes the study of using BigData in forecasting. He suggests a forecasting model based on BigData technology using a hybrid of soft computing and artificial neural networks, he tests it on a stock market. The article considers a model based on neural networks, wavelet analysis and bootstrap method. The method is developed for flows forecasting to manage water resources successfully. The paper shows a detailed comparative study of methods based on neural networks and multiple regression. It considers different studies with a description of comparison methods and results. It also shows a comparison of these methods on the example of predicting housing market; there is a detailed analysis of both methods using different samples. At the end the author gives the results of the study and compares forecasting results.

3. Some technological aspects of creating educational training equipment for Navy commanding officers and specialists [№1 за 2016 год]
Authors: Andreev V.Yu., Bazlov A.F., Ilin V.А., Shuvanov А.D.
Visitors: 12505
The article discusses the connection between teaching and information technologies, as well as technologies for creating educational training equipment for naval specialists. The authors analyze the system for educating and training ship commanding officers and naval experts. They consider the concepts of education and teaching technologies that serve as a base for training. The education and training system analysis defines the nomenclature of necessary training facilities. The paper includes a list of tasks that should be defined for development of educational and training systems. There is an overview of a hardware structure of modern automated systems for education and training, which tend to be serial products with necessary modifications. Part-task and complex simulators can include training and operating equipment, as well as hardware and software simulators of real equipment. The article considers the division of software on general and special. There is also a possible list of software products in-cluded in general and in special software. Special software in educational training equipment includes software models of ob-jects, resources, environment, combat actions, educational information models, guidelines software. Model and process development includes their verbal, mathematical and algorithmic description, programming, testing and debugging. Verbal, mathematical and algorithmic description, if possible, should be carried out by future users or experts in the subject area, and testing should be carried out by both programmers and specialists. The paper presents a list of private technologies for creating training facilities. It also determines the structure and content of development technologies for basic software components of modern automated education and training systems.

4. Application features of object-oriented design for hard real time embedded systems [№1 за 2016 год]
Authors: Arzhaev V.I., Skvortsov А.V.
Visitors: 5791
The article considers the problems of object-oriented software development of embedded real-time systems. It also discusses the problems that require implementation using programming languages and hardware description languages. A particular feature of processing elements of heterogeneous computing platforms is a significant volume of main and external memory, as well as flexibility of implemented control algorithms and data formats. At the same time, kernel elements implemented in hardware description languages provide greater speed. The paper suggests the principles of a functional software decomposition for the purposes of implementation on a hetero-geneous computing platform. They bring together objects with similar requirements for events response time in subsystems. The events are relevant to an element of a hardware platform. The paper describes an example of their application, which includes an element design process of a real-time technological process control system that have limitations in two time scales. The paper describes the subsystem operating in a millisecond cycle. It is implemented as the software component for a Linux-based RTOS environment. There also is a microsecond cycle subsystem implemented in FPGA. The paper presents a decomposition diagram and a diagram of conditions, as well as a timing chart describing the basic resource loading equipment. In addition, the paper defines the time limit for the software subsystem. As a result, practical application of the described RTES decomposition principles shown that this approach allows a reasonable distribution of loads on a hardware platform and enforces restrictions in hardware and software parts of the system imposed by the requirement of a hard real-time operation mode.

5. An experience in development of educational training equipment for the Navy [№1 за 2016 год]
Authors: Bazlov A.F., Risunkov V.B., Sokolov S.N., Struchkov A.M.
Visitors: 9588
The advent of high-performance computer equipment and software tools, telecommunication and multimedia technologies, interactive technologies, new tools for data playback and presentation from digital media changed the requirements to development of training facilities. They also showed new opportunities of training facilities, the feasibility of modern innovative technologies in education and combat training. One of the main directions of the Research Institute Centerprogramsystem activities (Tver) is design, development, pro-duction of training equipment. The company has four main areas in the work connected to creation of naval training facilities: automated training systems, special simulators, complex training devices, training complexes.

6. On power tracing distribution in electric networks [№1 за 2016 год]
Authors: Balametov A.B., Khalilov E.D., Isaeva T.M., Isgenderov F.G.
Visitors: 8951
A research on the problem of power and energy flaws distribution between market participants is nessessary due to reforms of power supply sector, the possibility of wide use of renewed power sources, division of power and energy transfer services, definition of current and voltage harmonicity distortions sources. At market condi-tions electric power cost can be different in generating stations and other suppliers. Therefore, nodal pricing is an important problem. Nodal prices include losses in networks. The process of electric power flow tracing allows establishing the routes that connect particular generators with particular consumers, as well as defining shared contributions of generators to cover loading with regard to address distribution. The addressing method also allows defining a power transit price. The rules of joining new consumers to an electric network make it nessessary to carry out a structural analysis of a power system on ultraharmonics. The article investigates address distribution of active power flows and losses between the participants of the electric power market. The authors developed the algorithm and a program to solve the problem of power tracing and power losses. In the developed program Zbus matrix is used to solve the equations of the established modes, as well as to calculate nodal losses. For research of active power address transfer the authors used the IEEE 6bus test scheme, 8bus and 26bus equivalent schemes of Azerbaijan electric-power system. Results of address distribution calculations can be used when awarding two-sided contracts, calculating nodal prices, defining transfer costs etc.

7. Knoware of an adaptive knowledge testing system [№1 за 2016 год]
Authors: Bessarabov N.A., Bondarenko A.V., Kondratenko T.N., Timofeev D.S.
Visitors: 8719
The article considers the problem of realizing knoware for an adaptive knowledge testing system. The process of testing knowledge is represented as a dynamic one. An organizer forms a homogeneous group of examinees at each cycle of the system. The system selects the best test at each step based on a convergent procedure of stochastic approximation. The best test depends on probabilistic characteristics of examinees contingent and allows increasing estimation accuracy of person parameters. To identify factors that prevent obtaining objective evaluation, such as conversations and copying, the authors introduce an interaction rate. The article analyzes the influense of examinees’ interaction on the accuracy of test marks. To improve the estimation accuracy of person parameters the system overestimates probabilistic characteristics of a group of examinees at each cycle. Person and item parameters are aligned on a common scale at each cycle. The system implements evaluating item parameters using the maximum likelihood method, the conditional maximum likelihood method and the marginal maximum likelihood method. The maximum likelihood method, the weighted likelihood method and the Bayesian approach can be used for evaluating person parameters. The system evaluates a 1-parameter dichotomous Rasch model and 2-parameter, 3-parameter, 4-parameter dichotomous extensions, RSM and PCM polytomous models and appropriate linearized models. To evaluate matching between observed data and the expected values the authors use a statistics of the likelihood test, statistics of the Hosmer-Lemeshow test, coefficients of determination, ROC-analysis. The article contains a flow chart of the algorithm for each cycle and a database schematic diagram.

8. Imitation modeling for aerospace confrontation [№1 за 2016 год]
Authors: Bogdanov O.A., Smirnov A.A., Kovalev D.V.
Visitors: 14311
Armed fight processes possess a complex and multiaspect performance character. When there’s no possibility of the mathematical formalization providing mathematical solving of a task, the only approach to research such processes and system is to use modeling methods, in particular imitation modeling methods. Interactive imitation modeling complexes are very important in the imitation system. They provide an opportunity to research form scenarios for large-scale application of aerospace assault weapon and aerospace defense dispositions in the form of imitation computer experiment. At the end of 90s the 2nd Research Center of the Ministry of Defence of the Russian Federation started developing of an imitation modeling complex “Seliger” based on new information technologies. Nowadays a basic version of this complex is under operation testing. The software is developed using C++ and QT library. As a result, it became a crossplatform software product. Imitation modeling complex “Seliger” provides an opportunity to imitate a bilateral conflict taking into account object systems of both sides, their aerospace defense dispositions and assault weapons. It can also calculate system factors that characterise the efficiency of aerospace defense dispositions. The article also considers the directions of complex development. The main is building up imitation models blocks of surveillance and air attack warning.

9. An information system of technological machines operation analysis [№1 за 2016 год]
Authors: Bolotov A.N., Gorlov I.V., Poletaeva E.V., Rakhutin M.G.
Visitors: 8392
The paper suggests a new approach to a technological machines operation analysis using information technologies. A relevant direction of improving the efficiency of using peat machines (TM) is creation of a state control system depending on specific operating conditions. TM maximum seasonal performance is achieved based on the analysis of technological objects’ models and parametric optimization of the components that are responsible for performance. The automated system of processing machines’ operation analysis was implemented in three stages. To obtain necessary statistical data to fill the model the first step included studying the parameters of technological machines operation for milling mining on the basis of JSC “Vasilevsky moss”. The authors developed an algorithm to determine key operating parameters of a functionality restore system. The algorithm provides the highest efficiency of machines in the peat extraction season. The second phase included development of a peat machines operation simulation model. It consists of series-connected elements, their failure leads to system failure. The problem of peat machines operation analysis was solved on the example of an integrated unit that included all the basic elements of peat milling machines for mining. The third stage of research included a computer experiment. The analysis of its results provides the most informed decisions on affecting the technical condition of technological machines under specific conditions with maximum efficiency. The objective component of a maintenance process is ensured by collecting and processing information about the technical condition of the object of diagnosis based on the identification of shortcomings of units and parts that limit the time to repair.

10. Adaptive landmark selection in shortest-paths problem for a big graph [№1 за 2016 год]
Authors: Bykova V.V., Soldatenko A.A.
Visitors: 8616
The shortest path (SP) problem is one of the main problems in routing in the theory of graphs. This problem arises in a web-structure analysis when creating navigation systems, traffic modeling and logistics optimization. The problem requires a search of the shortest path between two given vertices of the initial directed graph G and minimization of the sum of edges weight forming this way. Traditionally the SP problem is solved using Dijkstra's algorithm. The algorithm works assigning marks to vertices of graph G and uniformly expands the search space of solutions, starting from the start vertex s to the target vertex t of the graph. There are a lot of modifications of Dijkstra’s algorithm aimed to reduce working time. A* (A star) algorithm is one of these modifications, in which acceleration is achieved using a potential function defined on the set of G graph vertices. The ALT (A* with Landmark & Triangle) algorithm is based on A* algorithm. Here a potential function is defined by a set of landmarks (a certain subset of G graph vertices). Different landmark selections in G correspond to different potential functions. Selection of the optimal set of landmarks is carried in a finite set of variants and is a NP-hard problem. The ALT algorithm is represented in the form of two phases: the first phase contains execution of preliminary graph processing to select landmarks and calculate a potential function; the second phase computes the shortest (s, t)-path using a potential function. The paper suggests an adaptive heuristic for landmark selection. This heuristic uses exexecution history of last queries to search the shortest paths in G graph and corrects the current set of landmarks for effective execution of a newly received query to search the shortest (s, t)-path in a current graph. In the proposed modification the ALT algorithm and Dijkstra’s algorithm are equivalent in terms of asymptotic estimate of their performance. However, in real life the modified ALT algorithm applied to a big graph is much faster than Dijkstra’s algorithm. This is confirmed by presented in this work computation results.

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