Software & Systems

Articles of journal № 4 at 2015 year.

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11. Intelligent information system for retail demand forecasting and inventory optimization [№4 за 2015 год]
Author: Gritsay A.A.
Visitors: 8703
The paper presents inventory management and stock optimization system for retail trade. The system is focused on small and medium retailers and wholesale trade customers. The estimated savings make a total of 20–30 % of the stock. System can increase satisfied demand by 5–7 %. The article describes the main features of the system: data preprocessing, demand forecasting, calculation of the optimal service level, calculation of optimal inventory, order calculation for a supplier. Data preprocessing cleans data from sharp emissions, marketing campaigns impact, holiday impact and the lack of goods in the warehouse. Demand forecasting is based on the preprocessed time series of the sales. The characteristics of sales history time series are calculated for each product. The prediction algorithm is selected according to the characteristics. Given service level defines the reserve stock. The optimal service level is calculated according to the strategy of trading company investment return maximization. Optimal inventory is calculated based on the calculated service level and the chosen forecasting algorithm. Available goods in stock, goods in transit, as well as provisions for individual customers determine the optimal order size of the item. After that row order restrictions are applied (e.g. packaging multiplicity), and then order restrictions to a supplier as a whole (e.g. weight and dimensional). The paper provides an example of applying the system and the conclusion about economic effect from its implementation in a real trading enterprise.

12. The approach to modeling, scaling-up and optimization of bioreactors based on computational fluid dynamics [№4 за 2015 год]
Authors: Guseva E.V., Safarov R.R., Menshutina N.V., Boudrant J.
Visitors: 11087
During last 20 years computational fluid dynamics (CFD) proved itself as an instrument to solve problems with one or more phenomena, such as liquid flow, heat and mass transfer, chemical reaction. This article is devoted to the general approach to modeling, scaling-up and optimization of bioreactors using CFD. One of the steps the proposed approach is based on PIV (particle image velocimetry), which helps to determine particles velocities from their images. As an example the paper considers the process of modeling, scaling-up and optimization of lactic acid production by Lactobacillus casei bacteria in a stirred-tank batch bioreactor. The mechanical stress aspect (agitation rate) which influences on bacteria viability and productivity has been taken into account during the calculation. The maximum dissipation rate has been selected as a characteristic of mechanical stress. The authors defined the sizes of turbulence characteristic eddies in bioreactor that negatively affected bacteria. The authors have introduced the concept of stress zone specific volume, which has been used to define the limiting agitation rate in this bioreactor. The approach can be used for scaling-up and searching of optimal operation conditions.

13. Complex industrial projects data representation models in automated information systems of industrial institutions [№4 за 2015 год]
Authors: Dli M.I., Stoyanova O.V., Belozersky А.Yu.
Visitors: 11758
A great number of various information systems is used during the process of complex industrial projects management. Each of them solves independent projects data processing tasks. Thus, as for new production setup projects, product information is distributed between computer-aided design systems (CAD) and automated process control systems (APCS), information about necessary resources is distributed between APCS, management information system (MIS), automated project management system (APMS), etc. Project data exchange between stated systems is complicated by using different hardware and software, data formats, data representation models. The article considers object and relation data representation models of complex industrial projects. The first type of model is used as base of data processing using object-oriented programming languages. The relation model is necessary for data storage in industrial institutions databases. This situation is caused by information technologies evolution, i.e. data processing a pplication development using object-oriented programming and relation DBMS dominance. Different units of information systems use different data models. This requires decision-making on transforming data representations. There is no one-stop solution for the stated task for now. The paper considers the example of such transformation for an object model in Java and for a relation model in DBMS Oracle.

14. The problems of ensuring distributed information systems sustainability [№4 за 2015 год]
Author: Yesikov D.O.
Visitors: 8687
The paper considers the ways to ensure distributed information systems sustainability. It formalizes the problems of ensuring sustainability of distributed information systems, which consist of: a mathematical optimization model for functional tasks software elements distribution according to network nodes; a mathematical optimization model for information resources distribution according to data storage and processing centers; a mathematical model for determination of a reasonable expenditure level to form data storage facilities; a mathematical optimization model of technical means for data storage and processing; a mathematical optimization model for information resources reserve distribution on data storage and processing centers. The article shows that they belong to discrete optimization problems and gives their characteristics. It also proposes a procedure for applying a complex of mathematical models to ensure distributed information systems sustainability with indication of input and output data for each model. To solve the abovementioned problems the authors suggest using a software package, which implements the branch and bound method to solve discrete optimization problems with Boolean variables using the algorithm of branching variables predetermined order based on the duality theory. The duality theory in the branch and bound method significantly enhances the screening of unpromising options and reduces the time for solving problems compared with the traditional method on average in 8 times. The paper gives the special aspects of practical use of the developed mathematical model complex during design, maintenance and update of distributed information systems life cycle.

15. Representativeness of Intel Sandy Bridge performance counters based metrics for memory access latency analysis [№4 за 2015 год]
Authors: Ivanov E.Yu., Kosyakov M.S.
Visitors: 9059
This paper examines the representativeness of metrics based on Intel Sandy Bridge performance event counters and memory access latencies for data processed in RAM. It contains detailed overview and analyses of frequently used metrics recommended by Intel documentation. The authors have implemented a synthetic test application, which allows measuring memory access latencies for serial, per-page and random memory accesses and different sizes of working set and its elements processed by test application. The paper describes an approach to access performance event counters based on Linux perf utility. The test presented memory access latencies and calculated metrics based on performance event counters. The experimental studies showed that CPI, SCPI and PSRC metrics recommended by Intel and cache-miss ratio with serial memory access have linear dependency with measured memory latencies. Besides, the metrics values change proportionally to the change of memory latencies with the coefficient close to one. The random access results showed that most efficient metric for performance is the number of cycles wasted on bus waiting for data, because it always has high representativeness of memory access latencies and does not depend on data location. According to authors’ analyses, this metric is the most useful to evaluate memory access performance optimization efficiency. The results showed that the metrics considered in this paper can be used to analyze memory characteristics of application, which process data in RAM.

16. Intelligent information system for rolling stock carriage equipment faillures forecasting on railways [№4 за 2015 год]
Author: Ivanova E.I.
Visitors: 11310
The “Strategy of railway engineering development until 2030” presents rail transport increased safety as one of the most important problems for research. One of the main goals of JSC “Russian Railways” in this strategy is creation of complex systems for diagnostics and forecasting of rolling stock infrastructure technical condition. Analysis of publications on the subject shows that there is no information on using such systems on rolling stock on the Russian market. The article describes one approach to solve the abovementioned problem, which is using an intelligent information system focused on solving problems of equipment fault forecasting in rail transport. The article describes the main scientific results of such system development, the system architecture and its features, algorithms and implementation means, results and analysis of using this system on real data of rolling stock cars of JSC “FIC”. The described system is an adaptable and versatile in many ways. It is applied as a forecasting system to passenger cars, but in the future it can be adjusted and applied to other rail transport elements (freight cars, locomotives, electric, etc.). Its subsystems are independent and it is possible to try different algorithms within its subsystems without affecting the system as a whole. This system is realized with support from Russian Foundation for Basic Research within the competition of oriented basic research on important cross-disciplinary subjects on behalf of JSC “Russian Railways”. The developed system is tested on the car resources of JSC “TCW” equipped with the latest SKDU system of JSC “FIC” rolling stocks.

17. The analysis of an IT infrastructure of the astronaut training open automation system to create an integrated simulation complex [№4 за 2015 год]
Authors: Kovrigin S.N., Yanyushkin V.V.
Visitors: 10075
The article describes testing of astronaut training open automation system at Gagarin Research & Test Cosmonaut Training Center. It includes the development of a test rig for VMware and Citrix virtualization platforms with further deployment of thin clients within a multibranch network. The article provides a short descri ption of the test rig structure and technical solutions including graphics server with NVIDIA GRID K2 cards, two types of virtualization system thin clients and virtualization software. The test object is specific software of two components of astronaut training devices: virtual International Space Station (ISS) desktops and Teleoperator autonomous simulator trainees’ desktops featuring motion control handles and navigation. The operation of these two systems is tested in VMware and Citrix. Experiments must confirm that the deployment of simulator virtualization systems and function & simulation stands is possible within the described automation system. The article offers trusted major practical and theoretical solutions as well as a complex of solutions for the development of close software and hardware infrastructure based on the latest technologies. The article clearly defines the main requirements for server nods, storage systems, networking equipment and target devices. The peculiarity of the work is that all tests were performed on the basis of potential customer’s network infrastructure and real workspaces. The work aims at defining whether it is possible to develop a set of integrated solutions at Gagarin Research & Test Cosmonaut Training Center to consolidate function & simulation stands’ software within the corporate data center.

18. High performance RapidIO block to create multi-core microprocessors with RapidIO virtual links [№4 за 2015 год]
Authors: Kozlov N.A., Bobkov S.G.
Visitors: 7936
One of the main methods of improving computing systems performance is the development of multi-core and multiprocessor systems. Modern multiprocessor systems are usually based on the communication environment. The most popular high-performance network environments are: HyperTransport, PCI Express, ASI, RapidIO, VXS, StarFabric, 10GB Ethernet, InfiniBand, Myrinet. A communication environment is created on chip level, module level, inter-module level and inter-machine level. The RapidIO standard is focused on creating the last three environments and thus we can unify a multiprocessor system. For further unification we need to develop the module of the exchange between the microprocessor’s core and the external environment in order to improve the reliability and reduce labor effort. The article discusses a unified adapter block (RIO-AXI) for a transition from on-chip AXI bus to the external RapidIO bus to create as multicore processors as well as switches with RapidIO environment. Chip production technology improvement and increase in the number of transistors in the chips until 2003 has led to permanent growth of microprocessor frequency up to 3–4 GHz. However, further increase in frequency has caused a substantial increase of power consumption and heat dissipation, which is impossible to withdraw from crystals using standard means. Increased productivity has been achieved by expenses on complicated architecture of microprocessor cores, additional functions, coprocessors and, most importantly, by creating multi-core microprocessors and multiprocessor systems. Therefore, a high-performance communication environment is emphasized. RapidIO communication environment is one of the most promising. The RapidIO standard is designed specifically to meet critical requirements of real-time applications, which are: low latency, determinism, reliability and scalability, reduction of power consumption, size and weight.

19. Equational characteristics of LTL formulas [№4 за 2015 год]
Authors: Korablin Yu.P., Shipov A.A.
Visitors: 8977
sian Federationn State Social University, Vilgelma Pika St. 4, Moskow, 129256, Russian Federation) Аbstract. Day by day software systems are becoming more and more complex. Therefore, we need to have some useful instruments to check their capability according to specifications, especially large distributed software systems. Nowadays, to describe the verifying model conditions it is common to use such mechanisms as linear temporal logic (LTL) and computational tree logic (CTL). However, experience has proven that these mechanisms can help formulate only a relatively small set of the same-type conditions. It can complicate the verification process or make it ineffective for a particular system model. Correct formulation of model\'s verifying properties is the key problem, as the whole verification process depends on it. Thus, to achieve best results it is required to use powerful tools and techniques, which clearly formulate a wide class of verifying properties. The article describes a mechanism that can significantly extend the group of formulated conditions according to verifiable models. This effect can be achieved by expanding LTL expressivity using the proposed method, which increases the efficiency of the verification process. The article provides a set of illustrative examples of the method, which demonstrates its practical application. The article also provides the example of properties verification for a particular model based on the proposed method.

20. An approach to software testing management system development [№4 за 2015 год]
Authors: Kornyushko V.F., Kostrov A.V., Porodnikova P.A.
Visitors: 9780
The paper considers the problem of creating an approach to testing management system (TMS) development control as a part of software development business process management system in a project company. The authors suggest to separate software testing process as an independent business process, so software development management system has a testing management subsystem. The paper reviews the features of testing management in typical software development models. There are the variants of basic testing processes implementation: Review (R); Test Design (D); Test Execution (E); Test Report (O). The article shows the role of TMS development evaluation in the development management processes, and provides the approach to its evaluation. The approach is based on TMS development evaluation for different software development models, expert evaluation in particular. Classification of project management maturity stages is used as a methodological basis. The paper considers the features and applicability of both direct and multi-criteria expert evaluation. The authors suggest displaying a verbal description of TMS maturity stages as a set of private quantitative criteria; some of them can be determined by instrumental methods. To evaluate the others it is proposed to make multi-criteria assessment with the assistance of field experts according to each criterion. The paper considers the variants of single-level algorithms to determine a development level global criteria based on multiple assessments of partial criteria: calculation of the length of the vector in Euclidean space and determining the amount of the weighted assessments of partial criteria. The paper proposes a two-level ordering of the partial criteria and corresponding algorithms for processing their set of estimates, as well as a visualization of the results of the TMS development evaluation. The described approach allows assessing the software TMS maturity and managing its development.

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