Software & Systems

Articles of journal № 4 at 2022 year.

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11. Organizational problems of implementing flexible approaches in the applied software development [№4 за 2022 год]
Authors: Sayapin, O.V., Tikhanychev, O.V., Bezvesilnaya, A.A.
Visitors: 2087
The article analyzes and considers the features of cascade and flexible approaches to organizing applied software development for automated control systems, their positive aspects and disadvantages. The most critical shortcomings are the increase in development time and poor interaction between a customer and a developer when using the cascade approach. At the same time, the existing regulatory documents define this approach as the main one. The use of general scientific methods of analysis and synthesis provides obtaining quantitative and qual-itative estimates in terms of time and the expected result of using cascade and flexible approaches in soft-ware development. Based on the results of comparing the obtained estimates, the authors make a conclu-sion that a replacement of the cascade approach with a flexible one could be a rational solution. At the same time, the analysis of regulatory and technical documentation showed that the use of flexible ap-proaches in developing application programs is hindered by existing organizational problems associated not only with the regulatory requirements, but also with the complexity of coordinating the work performed by distributed teams of performers. Based on the results of the analysis of a typical process of developing ap-plication software for automated control systems, the authors formulate proposals on possible options for replacing cascade approaches with flexible or combined ones. The novelty of the proposed approach is in its complexity. Its implementation will allow building a de-velopment system that will increase the interest of all participants in the process as a result and implement this system through a process of continuous specification of requirements.

12. Evaluating the capabilities of classical computers in implementing quantum algorithm simulators [№4 за 2022 год]
Authors: Zrelov P.V., Ivantsova O.V., Korenkov V.V. , N.V. Ryabov, Ulyanov, S.V.
Visitors: 2190
Modern quantum devices have severe limitations in the number of qubits, which limit the width and depth of the quantum circuit and have strong noise processes that make it difficult to obtain correct results. It is also necessary to design quantum circuits for a particular quantum device taking into account the coupling be-tween qubits and to apply quantum error mitigation. It is possible to avoid these problems using classical computers to simulate quantum computation. Classical computers are used both for quick testing of hy-potheses before running on quantum devices and for solving real-world problems. The paper describes the process of designing and efficient modeling of quantum algorithms, approaches to developing quantum search algorithms, Grover's algorithm. Qiskit and QuEST quantum simulators were used to study the efficiency of using a supercomputer to simulate quantum circuits on CPUs and GPUs using the example of the quantum test circuit and Grover's algorithm. This paper describes a quantum phase esti-mation algorithm, which is a basic unit in some quantum algorithms of quantum computational physics and chemistry. The algorithm is simulated using NVIDIA's newest cuQuantum quantum simulator. It allows efficient simulation of quantum circuits on GPUs using multiple GPUs, which significantly increases speed and allows the quantum phase estimation algorithm to be executed with sufficient computational accuracy. The paper also notes the difficulties when simulating different algorithms using a large number of qubits or circuit depth.

13. Designing a decarbonising closed-loop Nature–Technology control system [№4 за 2022 год]
Authors: R.I. Solnitsev , G.I. Korshunov , Lei Wang
Visitors: 1735
This paper considers carbon dioxide emissions from both energy and industrial enterprises in order to build a decarbonising closed-loop Nature–Technology control system based on the example of Beijing, PRC. Along with the known approaches to achieve atmospheric decarbonisation, the paper proposes an alter-native approach to solving the problem based on a closed-loop Nature–Technology control system. Math-ematical models and basic approaches to the analysis and synthesis of a closed-loop Nature–Technology control system are proposed for the combination of energy and industrial enterprises as a basis for develop-ing an appropriate automated process control system. The analysis and parametric synthesis of controls ac-cording to these models is based on mathematical modelling. In this case, the main criterion is to minimise CO2 emissions. The paper considers the construction of such a system as a part of energy and industrial en-terprises, which might be applied to different types of production. The paper gives the stages of designing the main subsystems and links of the closed-loop Nature–Technology control system, which generates control and is implemented in the form of automated process control system. Final control regulators - filters, chem-ical adsorbers, catalysts and others are applied depending on the facility. This paper considers the natural fuel sources of the energy enterprises causing the highest CO2 emissions (coal, natural gas, etc.). As every fuel source is different in metric units and carbon content, this paper con-verts each source to standard coal with conversion factors. There are results on the status and prospects of the environmental situation regarding CO2 emissions in Beijing, PRC, estimates of energy consumption limits from energy and industrial enterprises. Based on the modelling of the proposed multidimensional control sys-tem, the authors propose a solution to the problem of minimising CO2 emissions for a combination of indus-trial enterprises and energy source enterprises (Thermal Power Plant). Taking Beijing, PRC as the example, the paper shows the possibility of fundamentally solving the problem of minimising CO2 emissions by im-plementing the considered decarbonising control system based on modern hardware and software modules automated process control system and an appropriate knowledge base.

14. A precedent approach to evaluating a lightning impact on a street lighting system using the ontologies [№4 за 2022 год]
Authors: M.V. Chernovalova, Chernensky L.L., Makarova I.M.
Visitors: 1646
The paper considers the possibility of improving the energy efficiency and energy security of street lighting systems under conditions of direct and indirect electromagnetic effects of atmospheric electricity and light-ning discharges based on the development and use of an intelligent decision support system. A case-based approach is used as a research method with the representation of knowledge in the form of ontologies. This approach provides the possibility of forming decisions based on knowledge of similar situa-tions that have taken place before, which allows working in open, dynamic, poorly formalized subject areas, where uncertainty can be of an improbable nature. Ontological models provide the possibility of applying a case-based approach in the absence of the necessary amount of statistical information for decision making by representing knowledge in the form of a hierarchy of conceptual terms of a given subject area and a set of relationships. The paper proposes an ontology of the subject area that describes an artificial thundercloud. It is used to identify patterns in information arrays in the integrated management of the processes of energy supply and energy security of street lighting systems under conditions of a different spectrum of electromagnetic effects of atmospheric electricity and lightning. There is a developed algorithm for generating decisions on managing the elements of the specified system using a case-based approach and ontology: its distinctive feature is the possibility of forming quantitative solutions, adapting to the current situation the results of previously im-plemented and described in a linguistic form situations when managing elements of street lighting systems. The developed model and algorithm were implemented in the form of an intelligent decision support sys-tem focused on automating the process of managing these systems, the use of which in practice allows in-creasing the efficiency, validity and effectiveness of decisions made.

15. Semiotic network editing software for robot control systems [№4 за 2022 год]
Authors: Sorokoumov P.S., M.A. Rovbo
Visitors: 1524
The problem of processing data structured as a graph is important for applications in many domains, includ-ing natural language text processing. For voice control of a robot, command interpretation is based on matching between semantic networks that describe a robot’s world model and a received instruction. The simplest and most understandable way for an expert to describe such matching process is a system of infer-ence rules that determine constructs recognizable for a robot in the results of the semantic analysis of text. Since the existing processing tools and methods are either overly complex or do not support the debugging of complex rule systems well enough, there is a need in a special solution. The proposed software tool for network data processing facilitates the development of such inference rules for modifying a world model. The joint representation of data and their processing methods is imple-mented within the framework of a semiotic approach, which has signs that combine information about the state of entities in the real world and possible changes in this state as the main entities of the model. Applica-tion of the semiotic approach to organizing a rule-based system allows linking data and rules within a single world model of an intelligent agent. Providing a user with a rationale for the decisions made in the form of easily interpretable lists of applied parameterized rules facilitates extension, debugging and maintenance of the system. The developed software can also be useful in other domains where it is convenient to describe the system state modification by logical inference.

16. A software computing suite for simulating effects from coronating wires of overhead AC lines [№4 за 2022 год]
Authors: Balametov A.B., Khalilov E.D., Isaeva T.M.
Visitors: 1615
Due to the development of electrical networks of high and extra-high voltage and ultra-high voltage, the is-sues of the environmental impact of high-voltage power lines are becoming relevant. There is an urgent need to develop software for assessing (monitoring) the electromagnetic compatibility of overhead lines. It will make it possible to assess the impact of high voltage AC transmission lines on the environment. The paper considers mathematical modeling of the influence of overhead line wires, electromagnetic in-terference, corona discharge, radio interference in wires. It also describes a developed program for calculat-ing power and energy losses due to corona in overhead lines of ultra-high AC voltage. To calculate the ca-pacitance of overhead line phases, there is a method for determining the working capacitance of wires for a horizontal arrangement of wires and two grounded cables. There is a developed electromagnetic compatibility software to use for taking measures aimed at reduc-ing the electric field of extra-high voltage overhead lines. The paper gives the example of overhead lines with 500 kV voltage, which presents the results of a com-plex system for modeling corona losses, electric field voltage and active energy losses due to radio interfer-ence.

17. A GraphHunter software tool for mapping parallel programs to a supercomputer system structure [№4 за 2022 год]
Authors: Baranov, A.V., Kiselev E.A., P.N. Telegin, Sorokin A.A.
Visitors: 2027
One of well-known problems in high-performance computing is optimal mapping of parallel program pro-cesses to supercomputer system nodes. A solution for this problem minimizes the overhead for information exchanges between the processes of a parallel program and thus increases the performance of calculations. When solving a mapping problem, both a supercomputer system and a parallel program are represented as graphs. The paper shows solving the mapping problem in relation to a system for collective use of a supercom-puter that handles a queue of parallel programs. After passing the queue, a new previously unknown subset of supercomputer nodes is allocated to the parallel program. In this case, it is necessary to construct a graph of a selected subset of nodes and find a suitable mapping of the parallel program onto this graph in a rea-sonable time. It is suggested to run parallel mapping algorithms on the supercomputer nodes allocated for parallel program. To study the properties of mapping algorithms, the GraphHunter software tool was developed. This tool makes it possible to conduct experiments with three parallel algorithms: simulated annealing, genetic algo-rithm, and their combination. This article discusses the structure of the GraphHunter software tool, and pre-sents the results of experiments with GraphHunter runs on the MVS-10P OP supercomputer at the Joint Su-percomputing Center of the Russian Academy of Sciences.

18. Developing the Expert system as a tool to form encyclopedias and to fill the Common digital space of scientific knowledge [№4 за 2022 год]
Authors: S.A. Vlasova, N.E. Kalenov , A.N. Sotnikov
Visitors: 2002
The article reflects the results of work on the development of a universal customizable WEB-based expert system designed to distinguish from a variety of objects those that meet the specified criteria to the maxi-mum extent. Authorized experts, who are selected based on structured data characterizing them, which are entered into the system when registering an expert, assess each object. The system can be used for expert selection of any objects whose properties are presented in digital form, and the formulated assessment criteria are determined by these properties. The task of expert selection of objects of various kinds is one of the most important in the formation of the content of the Common digital space of scientific knowledge (CDSSK). The concept of including printed materials in CDSSK is based on the principle of point reflection (but with deep semantic text markup) of the most important fundamental publi-cations in each scientific field. The selection of such publications should be based on the expert opinion of leading experts in this field of knowledge. It is also necessary to use the principle of expert selection when deciding on the creation of 3D models of museum objects as well as reflections in the CDSSK of film, photo and audio materials. The Expertise sys-tem can be used for selecting publications to be included in the National Electronic Library (NEL); for select-ing authors of articles for the Great Russian Encyclopedia; for reviewing articles submitted to the editorial offices of scientific journals; for reviewing articles submitted to the editorial boards of scientific journals; for conducting contests of scientific papers, photographs, video materials and other objects, the evaluated prop-erties of which can be presented on the Internet. Compared to the previous version of the system, the description of which was published in 2020, the new version presented in this article has more flexible configuration tools. It can be configured to the expert re-view of various object groups. The objects of each group are assessed according to their own criteria using their own rating system. By group is meant fundamental monographs published in different years related to the same scientific field; articles proposed for publication in a particular journal; a group of specialists who have expressed a desire to act as authors of commissioned scientific articles, databases reflecting objects of the same type, etc. Each group has its own system of object assessment and own circle experts. The result of the system operation is various rating lists of objects based on processing expert assess-ments. The system also has a special built-in application that allows a user with the “administrator” status to analyze rating lists and the activity of experts. The article provides a detailed description of the system struc-ture, its functionality, and examples of its use.

19. Developing an adaptive training system for an engineering discipline [№4 за 2022 год]
Author: Tagirova, L.F.
Visitors: 1744
The paper is devoted to the development of an electronic educational system for an engineering discipline that includes adapted educational material taking into account the distinctive features of each student. The novelty of the proposed approach is the organization of the adaptation process based on using the concept of a student’s status reflecting the knowledge proficiency level regarding the discipline and the formation of student’s personal characteristics. The adaptation process consists in selecting the optimal ver-sion of the material that corresponds to the individual characteristics of a student as much as possible. An expert system based on an odd model of knowledge representation is used as a tool for determining the status of a student. During the expert system operation, the characteristic is compared with the rules of fuzzy knowledge base products. The Mamdani algorithm is used as the fuzzy inference algorithm. Based on the proposed algorithm, an adaptive training system has been developed to teach technical discipline to students and future IT specialists. Implementation of the proposed adapted system makes it possible to implement individual educational trajectories for each student and to form a personal space of educational content that adjusts to its level of material assimilation and personal qualities.

20. Development of trusted microprocessor software models and a microprocessor system [№4 за 2022 год]
Authors: S.I. Aryashev , Grevtsev N.A., P.S. Zubkovsky , Chibisov P.A., Kuleshov A.S., Petrov K.A.
Visitors: 2059
When developing a trusted microprocessor for digital SCM control systems (systems with a critical mission), it is necessary to develop a software model (emulator) of a trusted microprocessor and a system emulator based on it to approve the architectural model and to study the possibilities of parrying threats. Instruction-based and behavioral microprocessor emulators are tools for modeling the microprocessor architecture and the system as a whole. They play a fundamental role in various areas of microarchitecture design. Emulators are used as a reference model for functional verification and for assessing the contribution of new ideas in-troduced by developers at the microarchitecture level to the performance of the system as a whole, as well as for understanding the behavior of user programs and identifying hardware elements that limit the system ef-fectiveness. The paper presents the criteria necessary for creating trusted systems, a developed instruction-based emulator of the trusted microprocessor microarchitecture (vmips), as well as a behavioral emulator of the microprocessor system architecture (QEMU) based on a trusted microprocessor to approve the architectural model and study the possibilities of parrying threats. There is a demonstration of software that tests the functions of the emulator to ensure the fulfillment of the system’s trusted execution environment criteria by parrying threats from the FSTEC information security threats data bank. The paper also describes launching a demonstration task in a virtual environment on a virtual programmable logic controller with a trusted microprocessor using SCADA for monitoring and con-trol. Using a virtual PLC with a virtual environment allows testing and debugging, conducting security studies, building models of existing and future nodes, working out various scenarios, and getting complete infor-mation about the work progress. Preliminary testing in a virtual environment also allows reducing the risks of commissioning and working out various threat models and their parrying before developing a microproces-sor. Based on the results of the work performed, the development of a trusted microprocessor with a MIPS-like architecture for digital control systems of the SCM is planned in the future.

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