Software & Systems

Articles of journal № 4 at 2018 year.

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1. An agent approach when modeling the dynamics of changing quantitative and qualitative state of a fleet of special purpose radio systems [№4 за 2018 год]
Author: V.S. Pakhomov
Visitors: 5499
The article considers the problem of predicting the parameters of the dynamics of changing quantitative and qualitative state of a fleet of special-purpose radio system samples. It is shown that applying analytical methods when modeling the processes of changing the quantitative and qualitative states of a fleet of special-purpose radio systems becomes extremely difficult or almost impossible. The dynamism and uncertainty of the initial data, a big number of factors that need to be taken into account, nonstationarity, nonlinearity and stochasticity of the processes, a big number and discrete nature of the variables cause almost irresistible difficulties in the development of a formalized analytical model. To solve the problem of predicting the parameters of the dynamics of changing quantitative and qualitative states of a fleet of special-purpose radio system samples, it is proposed to use the agent approach in simulating discrete-event simulation of the dynamics of changing the state of complex organizational and technical systems. It will overcome the limitations of currently used analytical methods. Using a formalized representation of the process of changing sample states and an agent approach to the simulation of complex organizational and technical systems, there is a developed multi-agent model that enables predicting parameters of the dynamics of changing quantitative and qualitative states of many samples of special-purpose radio systems based on simulating the operational stage of the life cycle of equipment samples, taking into account stochastic processes of changing the technical state and control action constraints for a specified time period. The developed software package is based on the proposed model. The author proposes to use it when solving a wide range of problems. Firstly, the system is useful for operative determination of parameters of the dynamics of changing quantitative and qualitative states of a fleet of special-purpose radio system samples for specified control action constraints. Secondly, it can serve as a module of a decision support system for the justification of long-term programs and plans of program-targeted development of complex organizational and technical systems.

2. Accented visualization in AR user interfaces [№4 за 2018 год]
Authors: Ivaschenko A.V., G.V. Katirkin, P.V. Sitniko, O.L. Surnin
Visitors: 8878
This paper presents a new technology of accented visualization for interactive user interfaces that implement modern technologies of Augmented Reality (AR). The analysis of existing approaches has identified a necessity to develop new approaches of AR applications design and development. In particular, it is necessary to develop new principles of UI elements allocation in space, which requires understanding of basic trends in usability. In order to solve the stated problem, the paper proposes a model that describes and combines the concepts of a scenario, focus, a context and an overlay context. Focus is used to represent the user’s current interest and attention. A context formalizes the infor-mation space, where the user functions. An overlay context attracts the user’s interest when required. Thу proposed model allows implementing a technology of accented visualization that consists of generating virtual objects, notifications and hints to attract the users’ attention using AR interfaces. As an example of the accented visualization approach implementation there is described utiliza-tion of the Eye Tracker to manage user’s attention. The provided experiments prove an idea that people acquire information differently and evaluate usability in a relatively new AR environment. The accented visualization technology makes it easier to use interactive panels and AR devices by adopting virtual and active elements of UI considering the requirements and preferences of particular users. The author recommend using the proposed technology in situational centres of monitoring of complex organizational and tech-nical systems, automated systems of post-production support and AR-based interactive electronic user manuals.

3. Algorithm of the controller of electromagnetic process control in a long line [№4 за 2018 год]
Authors: Lgotchikov V.V., V.N. Denisov, T.S. Larkina
Visitors: 5047
The paper discusses the issue of controlling the process of power allocation in a given secondary body cross section from currents induced by an inductor. This control can be applied in a number of flaw detection technologies, heating massive objects using induction currents. The inductor contains controlled voltage sources. The process control system must provide the ability to identify impact object (secondary body) parameters in order to fix and evaluate the effectiveness of the energy impact result. For mathematical description of electromagnetic processes in the inductor, the authors use an object representation by a long line with distributed parameters. The selected mathematical apparatus provides replacement of a variable in order to zero the boundary conditions. The voltage modulus is distributed along the line depending on time using the voltage expansion, introduction of new variables into a Fourier series with an integer number of half-waves of an odd sinusoidal function. The authors determine the balance by the amplitudes of discrete and continuous expansion in a row on a working frequency interval selected by the developer. They take into account the ratio of the voltage source frequency – the voltage wavelength along the line. The algorithm implements accuracy control in the representation of voltage distribution along a long line when solving a problem with the possibility of using it as a microcontroller control device. The increase in the number of series elements leads to complication of controller software that controls sources. If the line length and the required accuracy is known, it is possible to control the number of the expansion series optimally by varying source frequency. The authors used the Maple mathematical package to solve the problem and test the algorithm. The result is illustrated by a numerical example of a voltage distribution search with a specified voltage mismatch at line ends in phase, frequency and amplitude separately. The provided software is an integral part of the process control controller software.

4. Grammar for queries for heterogeneous data storage in proactive systems [№4 за 2018 год]
Authors: Tran Van Phu, Sai Van Cuong , M.V. Shcherbakov
Visitors: 6901
The problem of storage and processing of heterogeneous data (both structured and non-structured) from various data sources is an important issue when implementing proactive support systems for a life cycle operation stage of complex multi-object distributed systems. The data are heterogenous, so it is required to store data descriptions (metadata) for subsequent automatic processing. In order to solve the problem of heterogeneous data efficient storage, an architecture called data lake is used. It implements mechanisms for data batch processing and real-time data processing. The task of improving methods for effective access to heterogeneous data includes the following subtasks: development of SQL query grammar for heterogeneous data; building a parser for recognizing queries according to new grammar; development of modules for processing heterogeneous data according to a query; development of recommendations (methods) for applying the developed modules in proactive decision support systems. The proposed grammar is based on the DML extension of the SQL language, in particular the SELECT statement extension. There is the generated parser using the ANTLR 3.0 library for processing the generated queries according to new grammar. Due to generation, there are some created classes in JAVA with their objects used for parsing queries. The generated parser and processing modules for heterogeneous data have become a basis for the new software. After testing the software that implements the proposed grammar in the proactive decision support system, the authors have analyzed the time of execution of unified queries with different volumes of heterogeneous data. The main result of the grammar application is the reduction in the heterogeneous data processing time within a single query.

5. Information support of the development stage of solid dosage form composition [№4 за 2018 год]
Authors: Kornyushko V.F., O.M. Nikolaeva, I.V. Bogunova, A.A. Flid, A.A. Grebenshchikov
Visitors: 8215
The paper discusses the use of the system analysis for the information support of the development stage of the solid dosage form composition. It also presents the informational description diagram of the development and production life cycle of the medications in the IDEF0 nomination. The information support system for the composition development phase in the life cycle is based on a new QbD approach (Quality by Design), which should be implemented based on a medicine target profile – TPP (Target Product Profile). Technological parameters characterizing the main properties of the obtained intermediate products, CPP (Critical Process Parameter), were chosen as criteria for evaluating the optimization quality at all development stages. The paper describes the scheme of the intellectual control system for the development stage of the finished dosage form composition. The authors propose two algorithms for research management: one is for selecting support substances, and the second is for selecting optimal technological parameters for each stage. The paper considers in detail the construction of the parameter-fitting algorithm of all processes involved in obtaining the optimal composition of the finished medicines based on the multi-click regression model. It also considers the construction of the support substances database that is included in the intelligent control system structure. There are diagrams showing the basic sets of entities and the relationships between them. Among other things, there are some program code fragments that support the theoretical substantiation of the conducted research.

6. Information system for selecting control channels for a process facility to synthesize an energy-saving control system [№4 за 2018 год]
Authors: A.V. Sobolev, А.I. Lyashenko, D.P. Vent
Visitors: 4948
Modern automatic control systems are able to solve a variety of tasks in various industries. In this case, the success of the system implementation depends on the purpose of its construction formed as a certain optimality criterion. The paper analyzes the current state of the problems of energy-saving management of chemical-technological systems. It is noted that energy efficiency improvement is complicated while ensuring the operational speed of chemical-engineering system management. It is proposed to solve this problem by creating energy-saving automatic control systems with an excessive number of control actions which are different in frequency and energy characteristics. The paper proposes an information system structure to analyze a multidimensional control object in order to identify dynamic and energy efficient control channels and the subsequent synthesis of an energy-saving automatic control system. The authors describe the main modules of the information system, synthesis and analysis problems solved in them, the structure of the constituent subsystem interaction. An algorithm for selecting an energy-efficient control channel is based on exergy sensitivity. The exergy characteristics of technological processes give an objective evvaluation of the use of dissimilar energy resources and identify energy saving reserves. The paper presents a logical structure of the subsystem of exegetics analysis of chemical-technological systems, a class diagram, their basic functions and methods. There are also recommendations for the use of an automated system for exergy analysis of a chemical-technological system. The proposed algorithm for choosing a dynamically efficient control channel is based on an iterative procedure of calculating a quadratic integral criterion for a given frequency operating range.

7. Information system for processing and storing information on chemical reaction kinetics [№4 за 2018 год]
Authors: N.V. Zvyagintsev, Billig V.A.
Visitors: 4096
Nowadays, chemoinformatics is actively developing. This science allows predicting many properties of substances including reactivity, biological activity, etc. In particular, many specialists investigate QSAR dependencies that allow predicting various properties based on structure data. The creation of such models requires representative data samples and interfaces to work with this data. Therefore, the creation of specialized databases is an important task of chemoinformatics. At present, there is a number of databases with kinetic parameters of reactions, containing information on chemical reaction kinetics (reaction rate constants, activation energies, etc.). However, most databases with kinetic parameters do not provide specialized services (API) for data software analysis. The paper considers the information system LacertaLab containing a database and specialized services for processing and analyzing chemical reactions data. The database allows storing both kinetic parameters of the reactions and the data on a chemical reaction mechanism. The information system allows searching for relationships between reaction parameters using the least squares method. The system software services (API) provide access to information from databases and allow building QSAR models, including a number of mathematical functions for processing data (for example, OLS). The information system LacertaLab is able to interact with external services, obtain kinetic parameters from them and store them in its own database.

8. Investigation of a combined algorithm for learning three-layer neural networks of different topologies [№4 за 2018 год]
Authors: Е.N. Ostroukh, L.N. Evich, Chernyshev Yu.O., S.D. Markin, P.А. Panasenko
Visitors: 7168
When learning a neural network, the weighting factors are adjusted based on minimizing a calculation error. When the objective function has a complex character and a big number of local extremums, network learning using gradient optimization methods does not often guarantee the finding of a global extremum. Nowadays, the solution of this problem for a large class of problems includes using genetic algorithms as the main method for learning backpropagation networks. The development of these algorithms has continued in the study of bioinspired algorithms and their hybrid modifications. The use of bioinspired algorithms, which are based on random search methods, allows solving the problem of bypassing local extremums and has high convergence rate. The paper considers a combined bioinspired algorithm that solves the global optimization problem when there are problems associated with learning artificial neural networks. The network structure and the number of neurons in each hidden layer are important parameters affecting the effectiveness of artificial neural networks learning. Three-layer neural networks can solve many complex problems. However, the effect of the number of neurons in each hidden layer on the convergence rate is under-explored in the general case. The paper studies a combination of the firefly algorithm and gradient descent developed by the authors for the study of three-layer neural networks of various topologies. The conducted research made it possible to identify topology from artificial neural networks. This topology makes it possible to obtain the most optimal solution for fewer steps. The analysis of the learning algorithm performance is based on the exceptional-OR (Xor) function.

9. Computer simulation of engineering surface structure at the micro-level [№4 за 2018 год]
Authors: A.A. Rachishkin, O.V. Sutyagin, Bolotov A.N.
Visitors: 4562
This paper describes a software tool structure for computer simulation of an engineering surface topography. The model uses experimental data on the rough surface morphology. It is designed to model a 3D surface using characteristics data of contacting surface microtopography. In case of incomplete or absent data, we can use statistically processed parameters of longitudinal and transverse surface profiles. Taking into account the possible inhomogenuity of the object of research, microroughness generation uses a specially developed mathematical apparatus. The assumptions made do not affect the simulated surface credibility considerably. This approach allows designing unhomogeneous rough surfaces based on individual parameters of each surface microroughness. Analytical calculations and experimental tests showed convergence within the defined margin of error of the simulated and real surfaces. The actual rough surface inhomogeneity causes discrepancies. Full topography copying is technically feasible, but it leads to the impossibility of building computational models for studying the physical processes occurring during the contact interaction of two surfaces. Thus, making assumptions is the optimal solution when designing a computer model, which is the basic module of the program for studying the process of rough surface interaction with the possibility of applying functional coating. The developed mathematical apparatus and the accepted input parameters make it possible to simulate a real rough surface with the highest possible reliability. It can be a simulation of existing rough surfaces with known processing parameters, or preliminary design of the most optimal surface topography that is necessary to solve a specific engineering task. This software combines modern information technologies and analytical developments of rough surface generation. It is a separate basic module of the friction unit modeling system.

10. Lingware of computer-aided design system for a shaft press forging process [№4 за 2018 год]
Authors: Kanyukov S.I., Konovalov A.V., Muizemnek O.Yu., D.V. Kurennov, Partin A.S.
Visitors: 7702
The paper describes the main features of the specialized input language of the computer-aided system for shaft press forging processes. The system has been developed at the Institute of Engineering Science, Ural Branch of the Russian Academy of Sciences. The developed input language allows users to make adjustments in an implementation forging sheet, starting from the selection of an ingot to the design of preparatory and main forging transitions. Each adjustment is a choice of the required solution in a drop-down menu, for example, the choice of the required ingot from the list of suitable ones, or a binary decision (forging or not forging an axle, including or excluding the selected ingot upset). Ot it might be changing numerical values of process parameters, which are within certain limits (intermediate blanks sizes, forging ratio, etc.). Since the boundaries of technological limitations are fuzzy due to the lack of formalization of the subject area in general, i.e. they are within a certain range of their values; the input language provides users with the opportunity to make adjustments to the system solutions with “insignificant output” beyond these boundaries. The computer-aided design of forging technological process has the determined technological rules taken out to the system knowledge base. A constituent part of the input language, which is related to the system knowledge base, allows efficient adjusting the technological design rules, which can be different in various enterprises, without modifying algorithms and programs. Application of the input language guarantees obtaining implementation forging sheets suitable for using in a production process and facilitates system implementation in various companies.

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