Software & Systems

Articles of journal № 4 at 2017 year.

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1. Analysis of website security status based on performance metrics [№4 за 2017 год]
Authors: D.T. Dim, Bogatikov V.N.
Visitors: 4305
The paper is relevant due to the constant evolution of Internet infrastructure including conditions for optimal operation of web systems, information sources, e-commerce and various types of services. During the past twenty years, general information in the World Wide Web (WWW) and the number of users has increaseв almost two hundredfold. With this growth, requirements for technology has become even more critical. However, current research is more about a commercial aspect then the technical one. The paper pays special attention to assessing website performance quality regarding information technology indicators. It also considers a fuzzy Markov chain to define specific website productivity states.

2. Interpretation of the meaning of natural language phrases in problem-oriented systems [№4 за 2017 год]
Authors: Billig V.A., I.S. Smirnov
Visitors: 5608
The organization of a natural language dialog with a computer is one of the most important problems in the field of artificial intelligence. The expressive power of a natural language makes it difficult to formalize and eliminate ambi-guities in understanding phrase meanings. This article considers the approach to interpreting natural language phrases based on the “Meaning–Text” theory. The key point is an intentional dialogue context limitation with a specified domain. This allows the system to conduct a more meaningful dialogue and to solve specific problems of the given domain. The “Eliza–Student” software built upon the developed algorithms is oriented to a fairly broad subject domain, which includes a fair amount of tasks from the Unified State Exam (the Russian abbreviation is “ЕГЭ”, an English analogue is SAT) in informatics. The developed system is able to explain actions performed during the analysis of the text, which contains user questions on solving certain tasks in informatics, solve them and explain decision making in solving process. It seems that the reciprocal form of interaction seems to be the most natural in the learning process. The analysis process is divided into a sequence of stages (preliminary, morphological, syntactic and semantic analysis). Each of them uses different models of language and subject domain. The proposed approach is based on the following ideas: abstraction from the subject area to the latest stages of analysis and focus on the result, i.e. the construction of the most probable, perhaps incomplete, representation of the meaning, despite the incompleteness of the initial information or possible errors in the analysis process. The developed algorithms can be applied to different subject domains.

3. Analysis of the features of requirements management processes in information systems of state structures [№4 за 2017 год]
Authors: I.I. Grib, Yu.S. Vischnyakov, A.B. Zhizhchenko, S.A. Polikarpov, A.N. Sotnikov, N.V. Tabachenko
Visitors: 7587
The work is devoted to study of control requirements for enterprise-level information systems at different stages of their life cycle. There are many methods and notations describing the process of managing software requirements. A great number of scientific studies consider the processes of creation and implementation of corporate information systems es-pecially for a business environment. However, there is a significant gap in the research and practical recommendations for information systems of public institutions taking into account their specifics and peculiarities. When informatization throughout the country has become widespread, there are a lot of information systems that are created, implemented and developed. For the effective development, implementation and maintenance of corporate information systems (especially state information systems), it is necessary to ensure the requirements control process for such systems and their basic components.

4. Architecture of an intelligent optimal control system for multi-stage processes evolution in a fuzzy dynamic environment [№4 за 2017 год]
Authors: Palyukh B.V., Vetrov A.N., I.A. Egereva
Visitors: 9399
The article considers key elements of the approach to creating a system of intellectual information support of innovations at the enterprise. The approach is based on the integration of search mechanisms for innovative solutions and methods of industrial-technological system evolution control using the created store of innovative solutions, algorithms of coordinated optimization and process parameters identification. The paper examines the possibility of using the proposed approach with respect to the base version of the industrial-technological system functioning model. The project is dedicated to a fundamental scientific problem of developing methods and model means of optimal control of multi-step processes evolution under conditions of dynamic uncertainty to enhance their effectiveness and long-term sustainability throughout their life cycle. The authors consider a multistage process as a multi-agent system, its effective management depends on consistent behavior of the center and agents, their interest in finding and implementing innovative solutions, ability to analyze the possibilities of evolutionary development. The approach behind the proposed in the project of a formal apparatus for optimal control of multi-step process evolution includes development and study of a mathematical model of managing multi-stage processes evolution in a fuzzy dynamic environment. It also involves development of a method of solving the problem of managing multi-stage processes evolution in the form of the optimal (suboptimal) control law with feedback and the study of asymptotic properties of solutions for a functional equation obtained for autonomous systems. The project content also includes development of methods for coordinated optimization when the center interacts with agent groups in terms of expanding their production and technological capabilities. Implementation of the developed methods and models involves creating a prototype of an intelligent system for optimum control of a multi-stage processes evolution in a fuzzy dynamic environment.

5. Interval differential equations in kalman fuzzy filter structure in complex technological object management [№4 за 2017 год]
Authors: A.Yu. Puchkov , Dli M.I.
Visitors: 9552
The paper proposes an estimation technique of processes in complex technological objects based on using interval methods in a differential vector-matrix equation that describes Kalman filter. In contrast to methods for solving a differential equation that describes Kalman filter, in real numbers interval notation allows taking into consideration input data uncertainty and inexactness due to different factors. Such factors include measuring equipment errors depending on instrument rating, round-off errors in numerical calculation, time and amplitude sampling errors. Inexactness also depends on mathematical methods, such as using a fuzzy logical approach in forming filter matrix determination when describing processes in complex technological objects. This is due to subjectivity in forming fuzzy model parameters: kinds of membership functions, a number of variable therms, rules of knowledge base filling. The novelty of the proposed approach is in the developed technique of process state interval estimations in conditions of input data inexactness based on interval differential equations methods. The methods allow reducing solving differential equations to more simplified system of solving polynomial equation. The paper reviews the steps of solving the equation that determines Kalman filter. The steps consist of a transition from a differential vector-matrix filter equation to a scalar form, then to an interval differential form and a system of polynomial equations. The solution of this system presents the desired range of process state estimations. The paper shows an exemplification and results of a MATLAB program work based on the proposed technique.

6. Using concept maps for rule-based knowledge bases engineering [№4 за 2017 год]
Authors: Dorodnykh N.O., Yurin A.Yu.
Visitors: 11853
Using conceptual models in the form of concept maps for engineering rule-based knowledge bases of intelligent systems remains relevant. This relevance demands the development of specialized algorithmic and software. This paper considers an approach to prototyping of rule-based knowledge bases of expert systems based on analysis of IHMC CmapTools concept maps. The approach is based on the extracting structural elements of concept maps from the CXL files (Concept Mapping Extensible Language) and their transformation to the elements of a programming language, in particular, the C Language Production System (CLIPS). The paper describes the main stages of the approach, analyzed constructions of CXL files (in particular, concept-list, linking-phrase-list, connection-list). It also presents an illustrative example of transformations. A distinctive feature of the proposed approach is using an ontological model as a universal intermediate form of knowledge rep-resentation derived from concept maps, which is independent to the knowledge base programming language. Another feature is the author’s graphic notation – Rule Visual Modeling Language (RVML) that provides visualization and modification of cause-effect re-lations as logical rules. The considered algorithms are implemented as a part of a software research prototype called the Personal Knowledge Based De-signer (PKBD). Currently, it is used in the educational process at the Irkutsk National Research Technical University (INRTU) in “CASE-tools” and “Sowtware tools of information systems” courses.

7. Cognitive hybrid systems for decision support and forecasting [№4 за 2017 год]
Authors: A.N. Averkin, Yarushev S.A., V.Yu. Pavlov
Visitors: 17652
The paper considers a number of models for decision-making support in dynamic situations that are characterized by weak structuring based on a hybrid system integrating a fuzzy hierarchical assessment model and a fuzzy cognitive situation model. The paper presents a hybrid model based on cognitive maps and Saati decision support hierarchies in dynamic situations and a fuzzy production model for modeling people's irrational behavior in the problems of behavioral economics. When creating a behavioral decision-making model, we were taking into account the modules responsible for decision maker’s emotions and internal model representativeness. The model uses fuzzy logic and production rules. This approach makes the decision-making model intuitive due to linguistic variables that form production rules. Another advantage is universality and scalability obtained when switching to models with a large number of parameters. The paper presents a model of a modular time series forecasting system. It consists of modules based on modular neural networks, a module that includes a fuzzy cognitive map hybrid and a neural-fuzzy ANFIS network and modules for verifying and aggregating the results. This article considers in detail a module combining a fuzzy cognitive map and a neural-fuzzy network. There is the constructed neural network and its structure is shown in combination with a fuzzy cognitive map based on the forecast of the indicator “living standards”. Business analytics systems use similar approaches for knowledge economics based on intelligent decision support systems that use cognitive methods of analyzing consciousness of people involved in these processes, as well as testing decision makers’ quality by their brain activity, for parametric adjustment of intelligent systems decision support.

8. Mathematical models of rheograms of states in Table Curve 2d/3d programs as a basis of the intelligent system for managing structuring processes of multicomponent elastomer composites [№4 за 2017 год]
Authors: A.S. Kuznetsov, Kornyushko V.F.
Visitors: 8001
Nowadays, most of the elastomeric products are the result of the structuring process. It is a chemical process of spatial cross-linking and a technological process of creating a finished product from elastomers. Modern industrial elastomeric production is a complex multi-stage process that has several stages. In general, the elastomer production system is an ex-ample of a chemical-technological system with a serial connection of elements. The paper considers a unified chemical-technological elastomer production system, as well as chemical-technological processes for mixing and structuring multicomponent elastomeric composites as components of a chemical-technological system. Nowadays, the requirements to the attribute level of elastomeric products are increasingly tightened. To obtain qualified products with the required set of properties, it is necessary to follow the sequence and parameters of all the preparatory and technological operations and stages of rubber production. Improving the quality of finished products is possible due to applicating methods of control and management of mixing and structuring processes, system analysis of production processes, their detailed verbal and mathematical description, as well as information support for decision making while controlling mixing and vulcanization processes based on the analysis of rheometric curves and information databases. The organization of the elastomeric composite structuring process is impossible without its information support based on modern information technologies and systems. The paper considers the constructed intelligent information management system for complex chemical-technological processes of structuring multicomponent elastomeric composites based on analysis and modeling of rheographic information. It also provides mathematical modeling of rheograms of the state of multicomponent elastomeric composites using non-linear parameters of models. There are quality criteria of the obtained models, as well as the methods of visualization of the main indicators of the multicomponent elastomeric composite structuring process using modern software products. It is shown that analytical instruments are an essential part of the integrated intellectual information management system for complex chemical-technological processes of multi-component elastomeric composite structuring.

9. A method for improving interpretability of regression models based on a three-step building cognition model [№4 за 2017 год]
Author: Kulikovskikh I.M.
Visitors: 6897
Increasing generalization performance of regression models leads to a more effective solution for the problems of recognition, prediction, and extraction of social and engineering behavior strategies. A number of known methods for improving the generalization properties demonstrate computational effectiveness, hovewer they reduce interpretability of a model and results. This study is an attempt to approach this problem looking at the methods of regression and classification from digital filtering and psychometrics points of view. Considering the advantages of the methods for solving the interpretability problem in these areas, this research is aimed at defining a method to improve the interpretability of regression models by promoting learner’ internal uncertainty in machine learning. In order to solve the problem, the author has developed a three-step model of building cognition. This model reflects direct relations among digital filtering, psychometrics, and machine learning. These research areas employ the same sources of internal uncertainty that makes creating consistent mathematical models that connects the areas possible. For this purpose, the paper considers internal uncertainty from a cognitive point of view as processes of forgetting and guessing. The findings of this study provide the implementations of the following steps in accordance with the tree-step model: a filter synthesis step, a psychological assessment step, and an integrated regression/classification step. While the first step models an engineering environment and the second step presents a social environment, the integrated step helps to create a social-engineering environment. In addition, in contrast to the social environment that may simulate human cognition, the social-engineering environment seems promising in introducing machine cognition. The proposed implementations allow formalizing the method for improving interpretability of regression models changing from one kind of cognition to the other.

10. Method of managing order projects package at a defence contractor [№4 за 2017 год]
Authors: V.Yu. Semenov, Dopira R.V., D.V. Yagolnikov
Visitors: 6273
The article considers the problem of managing an order projects package at a defence contractor. If, the indicators of the absorbed volume and actual costs coincide with the planned ones while implementing large projects, then for fixed purposes (in reference to the planned total volume and planned duration) there is no need for operational management. If the main indicators of the earned value deviate from the planned ones while implementing the project, then there is a need for operational control. The paper considers various possible cases of inconsistency of the main indicators. It also proposes a method for managing the project implementation process. The key idea of the earned volume method consists in the following: the indicators of the earned volume are characteristics that might be a base for developing timely operational control actions at early project stages due to the possibility of estimating their future values (sometimes sufficiently accurate). The proposed indicators can describe projects consist-ing of one or several operations. If the project consists of several operations, then there is a problem of aggregating the indicators of subprojects, operations, etc. A work breakdown structure plays an important role (a tree of works in which the project is consistently divided into smaller parts) and a cost control plan is a set of procedures of determining the values of the work breakdown structure elements and the rules for their aggregation. The main advantages of the method are that it uses the same indicators as the project manager (who does it formally or intuitive-ly), it is easy enough to use and, most importantly, it allows real-time decision making.

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